Cracks in walls can be a common issue for homeowners, but knowing how to handle them is crucial to maintaining the structural integrity of your home. While some cracks are harmless, others can indicate serious underlying problems. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the steps to take when you spot a crack in your wall, ensuring your home remains safe and sound.
Understanding Wall Cracks
Wall cracks can result from various factors, including the building’s natural settling, temperature fluctuations, humidity changes, and structural issues. It’s important to differentiate between minor cosmetic cracks and those that may signal more significant problems.
Steps to Handling Wall Cracks
Identify the Type of Crack
Hairline Cracks: Often less than 1mm wide, these are typically caused by minor settling or plaster shrinkage.
Vertical Cracks: Generally, less concerning, often due to natural settling, but it is still important to have professionally check if you are concerned.
Horizontal Cracks: These can be a sign of serious structural issues and require immediate attention.
Diagonal or Stair Step Cracks: May indicate foundation movement or subsidence and warrant closer inspection.
Measure and Monitor the Crack
Use a ruler or tape measure to determine the width and length of the crack. Please take note of its location and any changes over time. Regular monitoring can help you determine if the crack is expanding, which might indicate ongoing movement.
Check for Additional Signs of Structural Issues
Look for other symptoms that might accompany the crack, such as:
- Doors and windows are sticking or not closing properly.
- Uneven or sloping floors.
- Gaps between walls, floors, or ceilings.
Document the Crack
Take clear photos of the crack from different angles. Documenting its current state, and any changes over time, will be useful if you need to consult a professional later.
Perform a Tap Test
Lightly tap around the crack with a small hammer. A hollow sound can indicate that the plaster has detached from the wall, which may suggest more extensive damage.
Determine the Cause
Understanding the root cause of the crack is essential for proper remediation. Consider factors such as:
Age of the Building: Older buildings may naturally settle over time.
Recent Construction Work: Nearby construction could cause vibrations leading to cracks.
Environmental Factors: Weather changes, particularly heavy rains or droughts, can affect soil stability and cause foundation movement.
When to Call a Professional
If you’re unsure about the severity of the crack, or if you notice any of the following, it’s best to seek professional advice:
- Cracks wider than 5mm.
- Cracks that appear suddenly or worsen rapidly.
- Accompanying signs of structural issues, such as those mentioned earlier.
A qualified structural engineer or a subsidence repair specialist from a reputable company, can provide a thorough assessment and recommend appropriate solutions.
DIY Repairs for Minor Cracks
For minor, non-structural cracks, you can perform some simple repairs yourself:
- Clean the Crack: Remove debris or loose material using a brush or vacuum.
- Fill the Crack: Apply a suitable filler or caulk, ensuring it penetrates the crack fully.
- Smooth and Sand: Once the filler is dry, smooth the area.
- Repaint: Apply primer and paint to match the surrounding wall.
Preventing Future Cracks
To minimise the occurrence of wall cracks, consider the following preventative measures:
Maintain Proper Drainage: Ensure gutters and downspouts direct water away from the foundation.
Control Humidity Levels: Dehumidifiers in damp areas reduce moisture-related cracking.
Regular Inspections: Periodically check your home for signs of movement or damage.
Spotting a crack in your wall can be alarming, but understanding how to address it can prevent further damage and ensure the safety of your home. You can effectively manage wall cracks and maintain your property’s structural integrity by identifying the type of crack, monitoring changes, and seeking professional advice when needed.
